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19cm. The plumage is squamous. The general coloration is brown with some grayish parts. There is a white wingbar (when closed). When flying it shows a pattern of white in the wings and tail. Distribution: From Venezuela to Argentina. Habitat: Inhabits dry fields, cerrado, caatinga and parks in urban areas. Diet: Feeds on grains and fruits on the ground. Reproduction: It is monogamous. Builds a sparse nest in the shape of a cup, 1 or 2m from the ground, sometimes on the ground. The hatchlings (generally 2) are fed on pigeon’s milk that is rich in fat, proteins and lectines. They leave the nest after 15 days. The vocalization is very characteristic and in many places it is named...

12,5 cm. The male’s upper parts are dark gray. The face and a ribbon around the neck (the collar) are black. The posterior part of the throat, the belly and a narrow band around the eye are white, sometimes buffy. The color of the beak varies individually. The female and the Young males are brown with the inferior parts lighter. Distribution: From Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay, Argentina to Peru. Habitat: Grasslands, crops. They sleep in tall grass and sugar cane crops were they may bend the stems with their weight. Diet: Feeds on grains. Follows the expansion of seed producing grasses, thus invading new areas as the Distrito Federal. Frequently eats arthropods such as inse...

11 cm. The body of the male is dark gray in the upper parts, with the face and anterior part of the throat black. The posterior part of the throat and the belly are white, as well as the spots on the sides of the head. The female is brown with the belly lighter. It is thinner than the female of the double collar seedeater Sporophila caerulescens, the tail is longer, the beak smaller with the inferior part buffy. The young individuals are also brown. Distribution: From Guianas to Argentina and Paraguay. In Brazil from the north to São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Goiás. Habitat: Grasslands, open fields, crops and secondary forest borders. Diet: Grains. Reproduction: The couple lives ...

14 cm. The legs, beak and the neck are short. The throat is red, contrasting with the fuliginous sides of the head, the back and the chest that is lighter. The belly is pale yellow. The last feather of the male’s wing is rough. Distribution: From Panama to Argentina. Migrates in the south. Habitat: Open landscapes and cities, generally near the water. Diet: Feeds on insects it catches when flying. Reproduction: Builds a nest digging holes in slopes, sometimes in colonies. Lays three to six white eggs. The couple sleeps together in the nest, but only the female incubates. The couple takes turns to feed the brood. When the offspring leave the nest they remain nearby for som...

53 cm. It is a beautiful heron with the upper parts grayish blue, the neck and the ventral region brownish yellow. The face is blue. Distribution: Open areas from Colombia to Argentina. Habitat: Unlike other herons it may be found very far from the water, thriving in open fields and only occasionally in wetlands. Diet: Feeds on mollusks, amphibians, lizards and insects, mainly grasshoppers. Hunts on the ground revolving the earth and grass with its beak. Reproduction: The courtship is very complex, beginning with displays of the male on the ground and then in the air. The nest is very simple and is built on tall trees. Lays 2 to 4 bluish grey eggs. Natural history: It is often...

21,5 cm. The head and the upper parts are olive brown. The throat is white with brown streaks. The chest and the belly are light brown. The inferior part of the tail is white. There is a pale yellow region below the wings. During the breeding season the male’s beak is yellow and in the rest of the year it is black. Distribution: South of Amazon to Bolivia and Argentina. Habitat: Forest borders, cerrado and urban areas, provided there is plenty of trees. Diet: Feeds on fruits, earthworms and arthropods. Reproduction: In the beginning of the breeding season produces different vocalizations. The nest is deep, with thick walls made of roots and covered by moss. The eggs are bluish...

23cm. The beak is dark, the wings ferruginous and the throat from white to light brown with faint streaks. The inferior parts are pale, sometimes white. Distribution: From Venezuela to Argentina and Paraguay. Mideast and South of Brazil. Habitat: Secondary forests, woods, gallery forests and cities, provided there are enough trees. Diet: Feeds on fruits, seeds, arthropods and earthworms. Reproduction: The female builds the nest with sticks and mud. It is usually placed in a palm tree or on walls. The male helps feeding the brood (generally three). Natural history: The name “sabiá� in Portuguese comes from Tupi (an indian language) and means “the one who prays� and i...

22 cm. The upper parts are brown or grayish. The chest and belly are bright yellow. Distribution: From Texas (U.S.A) to Argentina. Has expanded its distribution, benefited from deforestation. Habitat: Forest borders, cerrado, fields and cities. Diet: Mostly flying insects that it catches in small flights from a perch. Follows fires in order to catch the escaping insects. Also eats fruits. Reproduction: The nest is made of sparse sticks and is usually placed in trees with hives or with plenty of ants in order to increase safety. The offspring, (2 or 3) are fed by the couple. Natural history: Migrates to the north in the southern winter. During this migration it may appear in...

The male is 38 to 40 cm in length and the female 28 to 30 cm, 29cm of the male’s length and 19 of the female’s are the long forked tail. The upper parts are bluish grey and the ventral part white. The top of the head is black. The young individuals have smaller tails. Distribution: East of U.S.A to Argentina. Habitat: Fields with sparse trees, open areas and even in cities. Diet: Mainly flying insects but also fruits. Reproduction: It is territorial during the breeding season. The male may visit other territories while the female stays in the nest. The nest is made of sparse sticks and is often blown with the wind. It is built 1 to 10m from the ground. Lays 3 to 5 buffy eggs ...

32 cm. The body is green. There is a red and yellow area below the wings. There is a pale area around the eye. The male’s body and beak are stronger than the female’s. The beak is light brown in the immature individuals. Distribution: From the Guyanas to Argentina. Habitat: Forest borders, cerrado, woods and parks in cities. Diet: Feeds on buds, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits and sometimes insects. Reproduction: Builds a nest inside holes in trees or rocks, witnessed by the author building a nest inside a hole in the old wall of a building. Lays three or four white eggs, incubated by the female that is fed by the male during this period. The couple feeds the brood. May learn ...

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�rvore até 17m; extremidade dos ramos glabrescente, acinzentada, lenticelas diminutas, numerosas, conspícuas; folha composta, imparipinada, alterna, dística, estípula caduca, pecíolo com pulvino, estriado, 3,5 X 0,1cm, glabro, base espessada, nigrescente no material seco, peciólulo canaliculado, rugoso, 0,3 X 0,1cm, glabrescente, nigrescente no material seco, folíolos 5-7, alternos, dísticos, lâmina oboval ou oboval-elíptica, ápice agudo a acuminado, base assimétrica, levemente truncada, 10,5 X 4cm, margem inteira, levemente ondulada, membranácea, venação camptódroma, 7 pares de nervuras secundári...

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�rvore até 14m; extremidade dos ramos achatada, estriada, glabra, pontuações diminutas, numerosas, visíveis com auxílio de lupa; folha simples, oposta, sem estípula, pecíolo canaliculado, estriado, 1,2 X 0,2cm, glabro, pontuações diminutas, numerosas, lâmina oboval-elíptico, ápice agudo, base cuneada, 12,5 X 4,5cm, margem inteira, cartácea, venação camptódroma, 9-11 pares de nervuras secundária, pouco conspícuas, venação terciária pouco conspícua, nervura marginal ca. 0,3cm da margem, pouco conspícua, glabra, pontuações translúcidas, diminutas, numerosas, dispersas por toda a lâmina, visíveis contra...